Many migraine headaches progress through four stages. These stages are prodrome, aura, attack and postdrome. While some experience all four stages, not everyone does. A classic migraine includes the stage of an aura, while a common migraine does not. Only about 20 to 30 percent of migraine headache sufferers experience auras.
Prodrome
The prodrome can occur one to two days prior to the migraine headache. These can be used so that the sufferer knows a migraine headache is coming. Unfortunately, these can also be very difficult to detect. Prodrome symptoms include depression, food cravings, neck stiffness, and hyperactivity.
Aura
While most headache sufferers experience migraine headaches that do not include an aura, it is considered one of the stages of a migraine headache. Those who do not suffer from migraine headaches commonly believe that only true migraine headaches are preceded by an aura. However, this is not the case. Auras are typically visual; however, they can also be sensory, motor or verbal disturbances. In all cases the aura begins gradually, builds up over several minutes and then can last for 10 to 30 minutes. Some examples of auras include seeing bright spots or flashes of light, vision loss, speech or language problems and a pins and needles sensation in the arm or leg. Very rarely an aura can be associated with aphasia or limb weakness.
Sometimes the aura can continue into the start of the migraine headache. This means that these stages can overlap. Other times, the aura can occur and not have a migraine headache follow. When this happens it is referred to as a migraine equivalent or silent migraine.
Attack
This is the part of a migraine headache that is commonly spoken about and treated. When left untreated, a migraine headache can last from four to 72 hours. However, the frequency of when the migraine headaches occur varies from person to person. Some have migraine headaches several times each month to having them very rarely. The symptoms of a migraine headache also vary from person to person. The symptoms of the migraine headache attack include pain on one side of the head, nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, pulsating or throbbing pain on one side of the head, sensitivity to light and blurred vision.
Postdrome
The postdrome is the final stage of a migraine headache. This occurs after the attack is over. The migraine headache sufferer typically feels drained; however others feel much better and have an increased amount of energy.
During this time the pain of the migraine headache has gone away but many experience the other symptoms for 24 to 48 hours. This can make a migraine sufferer feel like they are away from their daily for three to six days for just one migraine. On top of that, if they average three or four each month, the time between can seem to be at a premium.
Fifth stage?
While most sources state that there are only four stages to a migraine headache, many also include a fifth stage. This stage is the one that covers the time that occurs between attacks. It can also be referred to as the “interictal” period. This time period can be filled with dread about when the next attack will occur, making it very difficult to make plans in advance for both personal times and work. Migraine headache sufferers can commonly become depressed or anxious during this time.
Migraine headaches can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Sometimes keeping a daily journal of how a migraine headache sufferer is feeling can show triggers, but it can also show the signs of a prodrome and possibly and aura. Knowing what happens during the prodrome can greatly help a migraine headache sufferer take their acute medication as soon as possible to lessen the blow of the migraine. Some migraine headache sufferers are on daily medication that prevents migraine headaches, while others are on an acute medication which is taken at the beginning of a migraine headache but not before.
Tags: aura, Chronic migraine, headache, migraine, migraine attack, migraine headaches, migraine stages, migraine symptoms, migraine treatment, postdrome, prodrome
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